Marketization, Economic Development and Gender Earnings Inequality in Urban China

本文利用2005年人口抽样调査数据，结合地巿级统计数据，研究探讨了改革时期中国城市劳动力巿场中性别收入不平等的发展趋势及其背后的动力机制。我们特别关注市场化及社会经济发展这两个维度对性别收入不平等的影响。研究发现，男女间的收入差距在机关事业单位最小，但随就业部门的巿场化程度增加而增大。在地区层次上，巿场化和社会经济发展影响性别收入不平等的方向和强度是不同的。尽管经济发展在一定程度上可以降低性别间的收入不平等，但在市场化的主导作用下，自改革以来，男女间收入差异至今仍然不断扩大。这些发现对理解劳动力市场中性别不平等形成的宏观机制及政策制定等均有启示意义。

This paper analyzes data from the 2005 population minicensus and prefecturelevel statistics to investigate the trend in gender earnings inequality and the driving forces behind the trend in reformera urban China. The authors pay special attention to the different impacts of marketization and economic development on gender earnings inequality. Cross-sectoral analyses show that the gender earnings gap is the smallest in government and public institutions and increases for more marketized sectors. At the prefectural level, we match the mini-census data with prefecturelevel statistics and differentiate the effect of economic development from that of marketization. Multi-level analyses show that marketization and economic development affect gender inequality in different ways: the market force has exacerbated gender earnings inequality, whereas economic development has reduced it. Overall, marketization appears to be the main driver of the increasing gender earnings inequality in urban China. Our findings shed new light on the changing gender inequality and the effective policies to promote gender equality in urban China’s labor markets.

贺光烨 吴晓刚

感谢香港博士研究生奖学金对第一作者的资助和香港特区政府研究资助局优配研究金项目（GRF 644510）、大学资助委员会2012 - 2013年度“人文学与社会科学杰出学者奖“（HKUST602-HSS-12）对第二作者的资助。

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