有关传统型权威在传统中国地方治理实践中的基本性格，既有研究尚未在士人心性与治理实践之间搭建根本桥梁。本文通过对《牧鉴》兼及“儒先议论”及“经传之言”的编排方式与内容考察发现，《牧鉴》作为“官箴书”的一种，带有鲜明的理学色彩。在此基础上，本文进而针对《牧鉴》所引人物事例展开分析，认为州县官作为传统型权威的代表，在其治理实践中必然展现出“教者”“父母之官”及“能吏”三种不同又统一的形象。本文将这种传统治理理想型独特的处理经术与治术关系的方式概括为“仁之以为治”。最后，本文指出《牧鉴》在现代世界必然遭遇的内在价值困境及仍然具备的超越性价值。

Regarding the basic character of traditional authority in the practice of local governance in traditional China, existing research has not yet built a fundamental bridge between the mentality of scholars and the practice of governance. By examining the arrangements and contents of Mujian, "Confucian scholars' discussions” and the "words of classics and commentaries”, this article finds that as one of the Guanzhen (official books), Mujian bears distinct characteristics of Neo- Confucianism. Furthermore, this article analyzes the examples of figures cited, suggesting that county magistrates, as traditional authorities, inevitably exhibit three distinct yet unified images in governance practice: "educators", "parents-like officials", and "capable officials". This article summarizes this traditional governance ideal type, i. e., the unique way of handling the relationship between classics and governance, as "governance as Ren". Finally, it points out the inherent value dilemma that Mujian inevitably encounters in the modern world and its transcendent value.

本文系国家社会科学基金项目“士人与礼的社会学研究”（20CSH010）的阶段性成果。

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