作为治理机制的示范服务于多重治理目标，这导致示范效应的复杂化。从“苗木小镇”的显著成效到“全域乡村振兴”的形式化落地，石镇的案例呈现了乡村振兴基层实践中示范创建与示范效应之间的张力。这一张力的本质是示范效应的目标替代：以政策知识生产和政策模式扩散为目标的任务导向型示范在基层执行时被以政绩竞争为目标的政绩展示型示范所取代。动态的挤压型情境使得基层政府在示范创建阶段和示范应用阶段处于差异化的政策执行情境，进而形塑了基层执行者差异化的政策执行逻辑。挤压型情境及其结构性变迁是示范效应困境的根本原因。

As a governance mechanism, demonstration serves for multiple governance goals, which leads to the complexity of demonstration effects. From the great success of "seedling town" to the formalized implementation of "all-for-one rural revitalization", the case of Shi Town exhibits disparity between the construction of demonstration sites and the application of demonstration sites' experience in the grassroots practices of rural revitalization. The essence of the disparity lies in target substitution of demonstration effects. Task-oriented demonstration, with the objective of producing policy knowledge and spreading appropriate policy models, has been replaced with political performance-oriented demonstration, with the goal of winning political performance competition. The dynamic "squeezing situation" situates the grassroots government in different policy implementation situations at the stages of demonstration construction and demonstration application, which shapes the differentiated policy implementation logics of grassroots executives. The "squeezing situation" and its structural changes are the fundamental reasons for the difficulties of the demonstration application.

本文是国家社会科学基金项目“脱贫地区乡村振兴战略的基层执行比较研究”（22BSH067）的阶段性成果。

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