本研究关注体力自动化向脑力自动化发展过程中技术对劳动者影响的技能异质性。研究发现，认知技能是决定技术影响程度的重要因素。从技术替代和技术控制两方面来看，高技能劳动者和低技能劳动者受到的技术替代影响有限；高技能劳动者未受技术控制的显著影响，低技能劳动者则受到更强的技术控制。对比自动化技术和AI大语言模型发现，前者主要影响第二产业，后者主要影响第三产业，且AI大语言模型主要影响女性、青年群体、专业技能劳动者和高阶层人群。在人工智能引领的新一轮技术革命背景下，对技术影响的分析和探索具有重要的理论和实践意义。

This study focuses on the skill-based heterogeneous impacts of technologies on workers during the transition from physical automation to cognitive automation. The findings reveal that cognitive skills are a critical factor influencing the extent of technological impacts on workers. Analyzing from both technological substitution and technological control perspectives, this paper finds that the substitution effects on both high-skilled and low-skilled workers are limited. High- skilled workers are not significantly affected by technological control, whereas low-skilled workers experience stronger technological control. Comparing the automation technology and Al large language models, this paper finds that the former primarily impacts the secondary sector, while the latter predominantly affects the tertiary sector. Furthermore, Al large language models mainly impact women, young people, professional skilled workers, and upper-class individuals. In the context of a new technological revolution led by AI, analyzing and exploring the impacts of technology hold significant theoretical and practical implications.

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