“踢皮球”现象常见于义务制度安排“不完全”之际，但现有理论对其条件和机制的探讨不足。本文基于义务主体道德身份认知的理想类型，搭建了一组不完全义务下的收益—决策模型与策略组合，以流动儿童教育责任边界厘定为案例，解析了流入地和流出地间“踢皮球”现象渐进消弭的历程。研究发现，不完全义务相继表现为归属身份、承担内容与履行方式等情境维度，与“踢皮球”现象呈现非线性关系；当事人则基于身份认知判断并结合制度回报、关联回报与成本付出来权衡践行义务的可能。本研究拓展了制度不完全的理论视野，“不完全义务”概念有其生发潜力。

The phenomenon of "buck-passing" often arises under "incomplete" institutional arrangements of obligations, yet current theoretical exploration of its underlying mechanisms remains insufficient. Drawing upon ideal types of moral identity recognition among obligation-holders, this study constructs a set of theoretical models of incomplete obligations: a payoff-decision model and strategy combinations. Using the demarcation of educational responsibility for migrant children as a case, it analyzes the gradual elimination process of "buck-passing" between sending and receiving regions. The findings reveal that incomplete obligations manifest contextually in dimensions such as identity attribution, scope of obligations, and modes of fulfillment, exhibiting non-linear relationship with "buck-passing" dynamics. Based on moral identity recognition, actors strategically weigh institutional returns, spill-over returns, and associated costs to decide whether to act on obligation fufillment. This research extends the theoretical understanding of institutional incompleteness and the concept of "incomplete obligations" have their potential for development.

本文系国家社会科学基金青年项目“社会组织市场化转向与自我造血实践研究”（21CSH084）的阶段性成果。

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