本研究基于资源供需视角实证分析了低生育率社会中的家庭结构与育儿功能间的关系，并探讨了家庭情境的调节作用。育儿功能是指家庭调配整合资源以满足育儿需求的能力，本文从经济、服务和时间三个维度对其进行考察。在综合考虑了代际间居住安排的灵活性和家庭成员的流动性之后，本文将家庭结构区分为紧密式（包括凝聚式、灵活式）和松散式。研究发现，紧密式结构家庭的育儿功能优于松散式结构家庭，这在经济维度和服务维度上尤为突出。家庭情境具有显著的调节效应。本研究创建了家庭育儿功能资源供需的分析框架，对家庭结构进行了动态分类，有助于探索生育率持续低迷背后的家庭机制。

 This paper empirically analyzes the relationship between family structure and parenting function in low fertility society and explores the moderating effect of family context, based on the perspective of resource supply and demand. Parenting function refers to the ability of the family to allocate and integrate resources to meet the needs of parenting. This paper examines parenting function in three dimensions: economy, service and time. By considering the flexibility of living arrangements and the mobility of family members across generations, it distinguishes the family structure as compact (including condensed and flexible) structure and loose structure. The study finds that the parenting function of the family with compact structure is better than that of family with loose structure, especially in economic and service dimensions. Family context has a significant moderating effect. This study creates a framework of supply and demand of family parenting function resources, dynamically classifies family structure, and contributes to a deeper understanding of the family mechanism of persistently low fertility rate.

本文得到国家社会科学基金重大项目“高质量发展视域下中国人口均衡发展的理论建构与多维测度研究”（20&ZD173）的支持。

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