社会保障是国家认同生成的重要基础，而社会交换是社会保障建构国家认同的一个关键机制。以往研究认为个体纳入社会保障将自然生成国家认同，却未充分讨论不同类型社会保障产生的异质性效应。本文运用社会交换理论，基于中国社会状况综合调查数据分析了何种类型的社会保障能起到建构国家认同的作用。研究发现，在供给主体上，纳入以财政补贴为主的国家补助型保障后，民众的国家认同感显著增强；在分配方式上，普惠型与选择型保障对国家认同不具有显著差异；在待遇水平上，认同建构呈现边际递减曲线效应，待遇适中的社会保障发挥着更强的建构作用。

Social security serves as a pivotal cornerstone for the cultivation of national identity, wherein social exchange mechanisms play a crucial role in constructing national identity. Prior research assumed that individuals' participation in social security systems naturally fosters a sense of national identity, but insufficiently discussed the heterogeneous effects of different social security types. Utilizing social exchange theory and based on the Chinese Social Survey (CSS) dataset, this paper analyzes which specific types of social security contribute to the formation of national identity.It finds that concerning the provisioning agent, individuals enrolled in government- subsidized schemes exhibit a significant enhancement in their national identity. In terms of distribution principles, neither universal nor selective social security exhibit a notable impact on national identity. Regarding benefit levels, the effect on identity formation demonstrates a marginally declining effect, with moderately treated social security playing more significant effects.

本研究得到国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国社会政策框架建设与社会服务体系现代化研究”（24&ZD162）的支持。

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